Past Simple: qoidasi, -ed qo‘shimchasi, misollar va AI bilan mashq
- 10 ta mashq: Past Simple
- Gapimni tekshir
- Past Simple yoki Present Perfect?
- -ed qo‘shish qoidasi
- Kechagi kunim haqida matn
- Tarjima mashqi: o‘zbekchadan
AI-chat yuklanmoqda…
Yangilangan:
Past Simple — ingliz tilidagi o‘tgan oddiy zamon. U o‘tmishda, aniq vaqtda bo‘lib o‘tgan va tugagan ishlar haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi: I saw him yesterday. To‘g‘ri fe’llar -ed qo‘shimchasini oladi (work → worked), noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning V2 shaklini esa yodlash kerak (go → went). Bu sahifada formula, -ed qoidalari, vaqt belgilari, o‘zbekcha tarjimali 10 ta misol, Present Perfect bilan farqi va javoblari bilan 10 ta mashq bor. Boshqa zamonlar ingliz tili zamonlari jadvalida. Shu sahifadagi AI chat «O‘qituvchi» rolida ochiladi: u yangi mashqlar tuzadi va gaplaringizni tekshiradi.
Qoida, misollar va mashqlar har doim bepul. AI o‘qituvchi — GPTBot.uz AI chati, mustaqil servis: OpenAI ham, ChatGPT ham emas. Ro‘yxatdan o‘tmasdan butun sayt bo‘yicha jami 3 ta bepul sinov javobi bor va ular yangilanmaydi; keyin davom etish uchun AI paket kerak: narx, muddat va to‘lov usullari chatda ko‘rsatiladi.
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak (+) | Ega + V2 (to‘g‘ri fe’l: V1 + ed) | I worked. She went home. |
| Inkor (−) | Ega + did not (didn’t) + V1 | I didn’t work. She didn’t go home. |
| So‘roq (?) | Did + ega + V1? | Did you work? Did she go home? |
| Qisqa javob | Yes, ega + did. / No, ega + didn’t. | Yes, I did. / No, she didn’t. |
| Maxsus so‘roq | So‘roq so‘zi + did + ega + V1? | Where did you go? |
| Be fe’li | was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they) | I was at home. They were late. Was he there? He wasn’t there. |
Past Simple’da fe’l hamma shaxslarda bir xil: I worked, she worked, they worked. Faqat be fe’li was va were’ga bo‘linadi. Did bor gapda asosiy fe’l V1 shaklida bo‘ladi, chunki o‘tgan zamonni did’ning o‘zi ko‘rsatadi: Did you see? — to‘g‘ri, Did you saw? — noto‘g‘ri.
| Qoida | Misollar |
|---|---|
| Ko‘pchilik fe’llarga -ed qo‘shiladi | work → worked, open → opened, watch → watched |
| -e bilan tugasa, faqat -d qo‘shiladi | live → lived, like → liked, close → closed |
| Undosh + y bo‘lsa, y o‘rniga -ied | study → studied, try → tried, carry → carried |
| Unli + y bo‘lsa, faqat -ed | play → played, stay → stayed, enjoy → enjoyed |
| Bir bo‘g‘inli fe’l bitta unli + bitta undosh bilan tugasa, undosh ikkilanadi | stop → stopped, plan → planned, shop → shopped |
| Urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lsa, undosh ikkilanadi | prefer → preferred, admit → admitted (lekin visit → visited) |
| w, x, y bilan tugasa, undosh ikkilanmaydi | fix → fixed, show → showed, relax → relaxed |
Britaniya variantida oxirgi l ham ikkilanadi: travel → travelled, Amerika variantida esa traveled. Talaffuzda -ed uch xil eshitiladi: /t/ — worked, watched; /d/ — played, lived; /ɪd/ — wanted, needed (t yoki d bilan tugaydigan fe’llarda).
Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar -ed olmaydi: go → went, see → saw, buy → bought, take → took. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan 163 ta fe’lning V2 va V3 shakllarini noto‘g‘ri fe’llar jadvalida qidiring va test bilan o‘zingizni tekshiring.
Past Simple’ni quyidagi so‘zlar ko‘rsatadi: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night (week, month, year), two days ago, in 2019, when I was a child, then. Ular odatda gap oxirida yoki boshida turadi: I called her yesterday. Last year we went to Khiva. Ago so‘zi vaqtdan keyin keladi: three days ago — uch kun oldin.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|
| I watched a good film yesterday. | Kecha yaxshi film ko‘rdim. |
| We moved to Tashkent in 2018. | Biz 2018-yilda Toshkentga ko‘chib keldik. |
| She didn’t come to the lesson last week. | U o‘tgan hafta darsga kelmadi. |
| Did you finish your homework? | Uy vazifangizni tugatdingizmi? |
| They bought a new car two months ago. | Ular ikki oy oldin yangi mashina sotib olishdi. |
| He went to the market and bought some fruit. | U bozorga borib, meva sotib oldi. |
| I was very tired after the trip. | Safardan keyin juda charchagan edim. |
| Where did you spend your holiday? | Ta’tilingizni qayerda o‘tkazdingiz? |
| My grandmother taught me to cook plov. | Buvim menga palov pishirishni o‘rgatgan. |
| The concert didn’t start on time. | Konsert o‘z vaqtida boshlanmadi. |
Past Simple ishning qachon bo‘lganini ko‘rsatadi va o‘tmishda qoladi. Present Perfect (have/has + V3) esa vaqtni aytmaydi: ishning natijasi yoki tajribasi hozir muhim bo‘ladi. Yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020 kabi aniq vaqt so‘zlari bo‘lsa, faqat Past Simple ishlatiladi.
| Past Simple | Present Perfect |
|---|---|
| I lost my keys yesterday. — Kecha kalitimni yo‘qotdim. | I have lost my keys. — Kalitimni yo‘qotib qo‘ydim (hozir ham yo‘q). |
| Did you see the film last night? — Kecha kechqurun filmni ko‘rdingmi? | Have you ever seen this film? — Bu filmni hech ko‘rganmisan? |
| She finished school in 2020. — U maktabni 2020-yilda tamomlagan. | She has just finished her homework. — U uy vazifasini hozirgina tugatdi. |
Qavs ichidagi fe’lni Past Simple shaklida yozing. Avval hammasini o‘zingiz bajaring, keyin pastdagi javoblar bilan solishtiring.
Xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, chat ustidagi «Gapimni tekshir» tugmasini bosing va gapingizni yozing: AI xatoni tushuntiradi va shu qoida bo‘yicha yangi mashq beradi.
Chat ustidagi tugmalarda tayyor so‘rovlar bor: Past Simple bo‘yicha 10 ta mashq, gapingizni tekshirish, Present Perfect bilan farqi, -ed qoidasi, kechagi kuningiz haqida matn va tarjima mashqi. Tugma so‘rovni faqat yozish maydoniga qo‘yadi; uni o‘zgartirishingiz mumkin, yuborishni esa o‘zingiz hal qilasiz. So‘rovga darajangizni va qaysi fe’llarda qiynalayotganingizni yozing, masalan: «A2 darajasi uchun take, bring va catch fe’llari bilan Past Simple’da 8 ta gap ber».
AI uy vazifasini o‘rningizga bajarish uchun emas: avval o‘zingiz yozing, keyin tekshirishni so‘rang. Model ham adashishi mumkin, ayniqsa kam uchraydigan noto‘g‘ri fe’llarda va britan hamda amerikan variantlari farq qiladigan shakllarda, shuning uchun shubhali shaklni jadval yoki lug‘at bilan solishtiring. Chat ovozli javob bermaydi va talaffuzingizni tekshira olmaydi.
Past Simple’dan keyin uni Present Perfect bilan solishtirib mashq qiling: chat ustidagi «Past Simple yoki Present Perfect?» tugmasi shunga mo‘ljallangan. Hozirgi zamonlar uchun Present Simple va Present Continuous sahifalari bor. Har kuni shug‘ullansangiz, sinov javoblari tez tugaydi: AI paket shartlari AI chat tariflari sahifasida. O‘quv markazi yoki til maktabi uchun o‘quvchilarni kursga yozadigan AI yordamchi kerak bo‘lsa, O‘quv markazi uchun AI-bot sahifasini oching: narxi 1 990 000 so‘mdan. Boshqa vazifalar uchun o‘zbek tilidagi AI chatni oching.
Past Simple қоидаси: формула, -ed қўшимчаси, did билан инкор ва сўроқ, ўзбекча таржимали 10 та мисол ва жавоблари билан 10 та машқ. Хатоларингиз бўйича AI ўқитувчидан янги машқ сўранг.
AI paket yoki AI-bot bo‘yicha savolingiz bo‘lsa, bizga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling yoki ceo@gptbot.uz manziliga yozing.
GPTBot.uz mustaqil AI-servis bo‘lib, OpenAI yoki ChatGPT’ning rasmiy mahsuloti emas. Chatga yozilgan savollar serverimizga va xorijdagi AI-provayderlarga yuboriladi, shuning uchun parol, karta raqami va pasport ma’lumotlarini yubormang.
O‘tmishda aniq vaqtda bo‘lib o‘tgan va tugagan ish (I visited Bukhara in 2022), ketma-ket bo‘lgan ishlar (He opened the door and went in) va o‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat (We lived in Namangan) haqida. Natijasi hozir muhim, vaqti aytilmagan ish uchun esa Present Perfect kerak.
To‘g‘ri fe’llar Past Simple’da -ed qo‘shimchasini oladi: work → worked, study → studied. Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning V2 shakli boshqacha yasaladi va uni yodlash kerak: go → went, see → saw, take → took. Ularning ro‘yxati shu saytdagi noto‘g‘ri fe’llar jadvalida berilgan.
Chunki o‘tgan zamonni did allaqachon ko‘rsatgan, uni ikkinchi marta ko‘rsatish shart emas: Did you go? I didn’t go. Darak gapda did bo‘lmaydi, shuning uchun fe’lning o‘zi V2 shaklini oladi: I went.
Was — I, he, she, it va birlikdagi ega bilan: I was tired, the shop was closed. Were — you, we, they va ko‘plikdagi ega bilan: We were at home, the children were happy. Inkori: wasn’t va weren’t.
Qoida, misollar va mashqlar bepul va limitsiz. AI o‘qituvchining tushuntirish va tekshiruvlari uchun butun sayt bo‘yicha jami 3 ta bepul sinov javobi bor, ular AI chat bilan umumiy va har kuni yangilanmaydi; keyin AI paket kerak.
Yo‘q. GPTBot.uz — mustaqil servis: OpenAI ham, ChatGPT ham emas. Tushuntirishni boshqa kompaniyaning til modeli beradi; qaysi model javob bergani har bir javob ostida yozilgan.